![]() In this work, an automated adaptive mesh finite element is used to simulate mixed-mode crack propagation in the presence of holes using developed source code written in the Visual Fortran language. The trajectory of a crack’s propagation may be predicted using a variety of approaches including the theory of maximum circumferential stress, the theory of maximum energy release, and the theory of minimum strain-energy density. ![]() The displacement extrapolation technique and the J-integral method are the two approaches used most often to calculate SIFs. As a consequence, analytical solutions will not be able to accurately anticipate SIF solutions for these fatigue cracks, which can be estimated using the findings of the FEM. Nevertheless, in many structures, the configuration of fatigue cracks is often intricate and irregular, which results in a variety of distinct ways to fail. Numerous handbooks provide analytical SIF solutions for ideal crack configurations and loading conditions that could be used with simple and regular structures. The stress intensity factors must be precisely evaluated to anticipate the behavior of crack growth. Crack propagation is often simulated in LEFM by using the equivalent stress intensity factor. In addition, a significant number of researchers have developed reliable methods for estimating the fatigue crack propagation in 2D linear elastic structures under mixed-mode loading. Crack propagation may also be simulated using a variety of 2D simulation software, such as NASGRO, AFGROW, FRANC2D, and FASTRAN. ![]() These programs are now available to virtually everyone who requests and pays the required fees for them. Numerous software programs, including Ansys, ABAQUS, NASTRAN, FRANC3D, and COMSOL, which are well-known for being in three dimensions, have been developed with general-purpose finite elements, verified, and implemented for crack propagation simulation. These include the extended finite element method (XFEM), finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), mesh-free method, and boundary element method (BEM). Numerous numerical techniques have proven successful in modeling and simulating engineering issues, such as fracture mechanics, where it can be difficult to find an optimal solution due to the singularity of the stress field near the crack tip. A rigorous analysis of their durability and an estimation of operational life are required for the computational design of structural components and materials with embedded cracks. As a crack grows, components lose their ability to withstand external loads and eventually fail. Studying crack propagation is one of FEM’s application areas. The results are consistent with other numerical investigations for predicting crack propagation trajectories and SIFs.įor assessing the behavior of a broad range of engineering and physical concerns, the finite element method (FEM) has undoubtedly been the most popular and successful analytical approach. The results demonstrate that, depending on the position of the hole, the crack propagates in the direction of the hole due to the unequal stresses at the crack tip, which are caused by the hole’s influence. ![]() The present study is carried out for two geometries, namely a rectangular structure with two holes and one central crack, and a cracked plate with four holes. The direction of crack propagation is determined using the theory of maximum circumferential stress. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) for each crack extension increment are calculated using the displacement extrapolation technique. The splitting node strategy is used to model the fracture, and the trajectory follows the successive linear extensions for every crack increment. To generate an optimal mesh, an adaptive mesh refinement procedure based on the posteriori norm stress error estimator is used. The advancing-front method is used to construct an adaptive mesh structure, whereas the singularity is represented through construction of quarter-point single elements around the crack tip. The adaptive finite element code was developed using the Visual Fortran language. As a part of a damage tolerance assessment, the goal of this research is to estimate the two-dimensional crack propagation trajectory and its accompanying stress intensity factors (SIFs) using the adaptive finite element method. ![]()
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